What are the different types of masks?
Professional Respirators
Called N95 respirators, these medical devices are made to prevent exposure to tiny droplets that can remain suspended in the air. Health care workers who wear them undergo a fit-test to find the right make, model and size to ensure a tight seal. The N95 respirators are currently in very short supply and should be reserved for health care providers and first responders.
Procedural and Surgical Masks
These are loose-fitting masks designed to cover the mouth and nose. Although they are not close fitting, they provide protection against larger respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. Like N95 respirators, it is critical that these masks are used by health care workers.
Cloth or Paper Masks
According to the CDC, these masks may help slow the spread of the new coronavirus, and help people who may unknowingly have the virus from transmitting it to others. While cloth masks are not medical-grade, they may be helpful in non-patient care settings to contain coughs and to remind people not to touch their face.
Can I make my own cloth mask?
Yes: Some people are making masks out of cotton or linen or even t-shirts or bandanas. There are several patterns available, including this one from Johns Hopkins Medicine and another for child size masks, for use in non-patient care settings. Cloth masks can and should be washed daily.
What items in my closet can I use to create a face covering or mask?
- Bandannas, scarves, hand towels, or any items made of cotton or linen are a good place to start.
- Thicker, more densely woven cotton fabrics are best, such as quilting cotton or cotton sheets.
- Stretchy knits aren’t ideal, since they allow more air in and out.
- Hold the fabric up to the light: The fewer tiny holes you can see, the better it will work to filter droplets.
- Overall, making a good mask involves finding a balance: You want fabric that doesn’t allow droplets to pass through while ensuring you can still breathe properly with your mask in place.
Can I create my own filter?
Some people buy or create masks with a pocket inside to hold a filter, such as a coffee filter. When using other materials to make your own filter, such as unused vacuum cleaner bags, HEPA furnace filters, HVAC anti-allergy filters or other air filters, make sure you sandwich the filter between at least two layers of fabric to cut down on the risk of inhaling potentially harmful fibers from these materials.
There are not yet conclusive data on whether or not filters provide added protection, but studies are underway. Please make sure that you can breathe easily when wearing the mask, and do not use a filter if it makes you feel short of breath.
What should I be looking for when buying a mask?
Look for masks made with at least 2 layers of fabric. It should cover your nose and mouth without large gaps. The mask should have ear loops or ties so you can adjust it. For people who wear glasses, look for a mask with a bendable border at the top so you can mold the mask to fit the bridge of your nose and prevent your glasses from fogging. Professional masks should be reserved for health care workers on the front lines caring for patients.
Remember, a mask does not make you immune from SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus causing the current pandemic. Physical and social distancing and hand washing are the most important ways to avoid catching the illness. Wearing masks may offer some protection, but mostly prevents you from spreading droplets in case you are infected and have no symptoms.
Remember the best protections
In times of a pandemic, it’s understandable to want to do everything possible to protect yourself from becoming ill. While masks may seem like a good idea, remember that social and physical distancing, and frequent, thorough handwashing are still the very best ways to avoid getting COVID-19.
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