Janssen also drew the ire of the FDA. In March 2000, the agency called some claims made for Duragesic “false or misleading,” including the suggestion that the drug “has less potential for abuse than other currently available opioids.”
In September 2004, the FDA told Janssen to “immediately cease” making “false or misleading” claims, including saying that Duragesic was “less abused than other opioid drugs.” In its statement to KHN, Janssen said its marketing actions were “appropriate and responsible,” adding that it “acted quickly to investigate and successfully resolve FDA’s inquiries.”
The Purdue marketing reports are part of a cache of documents the company provided to the Florida attorney general’s office in 2002. The Florida attorney general released them to two Florida newspapers in 2003 after Purdue lost a court battle to keep them under wraps.
More than 1,500 groups, mostly cities, counties and states, are suing Purdue Pharma, Janssen and several competitors and drug distributers in federal court in Cleveland demanding reimbursement for treatment costs and other compensation. In a statement to KHN, Purdue said: “We vigorously deny these allegations and look forward to the opportunity to present our defense.”
The growing cluster of lawsuits argue that drugmakers set out to deceive doctors and the public by claiming their products presented little risk.
For its part, Purdue accused Janssen of trying to exploit public alarm over OxyContin-linked deaths to spark new sales of Duragesic.
“It has been reported that Janssen sales representatives are using improper techniques to capitalize on the negative press surrounding OxyContin Tablets and the issue of abuse and diversion,” reads the 2002 Purdue marketing plan.
In fact, opioids made by Purdue’s rivals also contributed to overdose deaths in those years and have continued to do so. In 2016, more than 42,000 people died nationwide from opioid-related causes, according to the Department of Health and Human Services.
Florida was one of the early states to see a rise in overdose deaths tied to prescription drugs. Florida medical examiner’s toxicology reports in 2002 detected oxycodone, the active ingredient in OxyContin, in hundreds of overdose fatalities. Abusers realized they could crush the pills and inject or snort the powder to get high. Many others died after mixing the pills with sedatives also prescribed by their doctors.
Florida medical examiner files also showed that abuse of fentanyl pain patches, methadone and morphine took many lives. Some abusers had figured out how to drain the Duragesic patch of its liquid fentanyl and inject it like heroin, or otherwise ingest it.
In July 2005, the FDA warned health care professionals about abuse of fentanyl patches. In December 2007, FDA cited reports of deaths and “life-threatening adverse events” when the fentanyl patch “was used to treat pain in opioid-naïve patients and when opioid-tolerant patients have applied more patches than prescribed, changed the patch too frequently and exposed the patch to a heat source.”
Purdue also kept an eye on methadone, noting in a 1999 marketing plan that “market research as well as reports from the sales force indicates that methadone use is increasing in both the management of cancer pain and non-malignant pain due to its low cost.” But as methadone won acceptance for treating pain, it also began to kill with alarming frequency.
The FDA in November 2006 warned of deaths and dangerous side effects among patients “newly starting methadone for pain control and in patients who have switched to methadone after being treated for pain with other strong narcotic pain relievers.”
KHN’s coverage of prescription drug development, costs and pricing is supported in part by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation.
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