Early Dutch hobbyists began the practice of aquascape contests, but heightened interest in the wake of Amano's work led to the establishment of many others that now attract hundreds of entries from around the world including those sponsored by the Aquatic Gardeners Association in the US, Aqua Design Amano in Japan, AquaticScapers Europe in Germany and many others.
Aquascapes are a fine balance between form and function. An aquascape is an ecosystem in which every living and non-living item contributes not only to the overall beauty of the aquarium, but also to the chemical and biological balance that allows the plants and any animals to live. Consideration must be given to lighting, carbon dioxide levels, filtration, algae control, fertilization and more. Plants and fish work together to process waste and aerate the water. Rocks and gravel provide shelter for beneficial bacteria that reduce toxicity from waste. Even the position of the wood and rock affects the health of the tank by allowing or impeding the flow of water.
True water plants, or hydrophytes, are those that live totally submerged. They have adapted to life in the deep in several interesting ways and visitors to the exhibit will get a chance to learn about these fascinating survival strategies. Hydrophytes, when removed from water, often hang limply. Normally supported by the water around them, they lack strengthening tissue in their stems and leaves, allowing for greater flexibility in the event of water level change or water movement. They also lack external protective tissue needed by land plants to limit water loss. This allows all of the surface cells to absorb water and nutrients, reducing the need for an extensive root system. Roots primarily function as anchorage or are dispensed with entirely, allowing the plants to float freely. Leaves are often highly dissected or divided, a specialization that creates a larger surface area for absorption and photosynthesis and minimizes water resistance. Air-filled cavities often extend through the leaves and stems, providing an internal atmosphere. Certain fly and beetle larvae have taken unusual advantage of this, piercing the cavities with sharp appendages to create a personal oxygen source.
Colisa lalia, common name flame dwarf gourami. Tank 6
Some of the many unusual water plants that appear in Aquascapes: The Art of Underwater Gardening include the Madagascar lace plant, one of the most highly prized in the hobby. Its leaves are broad and long with a very delicate lace-like appearance. They were so much in demand by botanical gardens and hobbyists in the past that they almost became extinct in their natural environment. The Amazon sword plant is a popular rosette plant with lance-shaped leaves that can reach 20 inches in height. The grass-like bamboo plant (Blyxa aubertii) can be found naturally in habitats throughout Asia as diverse as rice paddies and swiftly flowing streams. Other featured plants include the African water fern, Java fern, pygmy chain sword and more.
Dutch-style underwater landscape; Wikimedia Commons
The Conservatory has provided details on its website about the contents of each tank including substrate, stones, hardwoods, plants and fish for any interested professional or would-be aquascapers.
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